Objective 1:
1. The three common temperature scales are Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Kelvin.
2. Thermal energy is ALL of the energy of the particles that make up an object. Temperature is the measure of how fast or slow particles are moving inside of an object. Heat is the transfer of thermal energy from different objects. Thermal energy is related to heat because heat measures the transfer of thermal energy. Thermal energy relates to temperature because temperature measures how much thermal energy a particle has.
3. Specific heat is the amount of heat that is needed to raise the temperature of an object. An example of something that has a high specific heat is water, because, since it has such strong hydrogen bonds, it needs more energy (heat) to spread the hydrogens out.
4. An ice cube melts in your hand because it is very cold and its particles aren't moving very fast and, when it is put in a human's hand (has heat because of our body heat), it causes the ice cube to get warmer, and it reacts to heating up by melting.
5. One reason some objects get hotter more quickly than others is their "specific heat capacity," or how much heat is needed to raise the temperature of an object (if it has a high specific heat capacity, then it needs more energy to raise its temperature.) Another reason is how much moisture is in an object. For example, you can put some plastic dishes in the microwave because they are made with less water and moisture, so they have a higher specific heat (so they can stay in the microwave longer without getting too hot.)
Cites:
http://abyss.uoregon.edu/~js/glossary/temperature_scale.html
http://www.bristolaggie.mec.edu/school/Velozo/Chapter6.htm
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Why_does_water_have_a_high_and_specific_heat_capacity
http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20100125182103AAM1DPs
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