Objective 1:
1. In a solution, the solute particles have much smaller molecules than colloids and suspensions. It is a "homogeneous mixture" (is uniform in composition) of more than on substance. A few examples are salt, water, and sugar. Colloids are dispersed evenly throughout a substance. An example of this is milk. Suspensions are also homogeneous fluids that are too big for sedimentation.
2. When a solution is formed, the particles of the solute leave each other and become part of the solvent.
3. The solute lowers the freezing point of water because it is applied to a colligative property, which means that it depends on the number of dissolved particles in a substance, not the actual identity of the solutes (an example is the freezing point of salt water is lower than the freezing point of water because the salt dissolves into the water.) It will raise the boiling point for the same reason.
4. You would make a solution because the food coloring is obviously UNIFORMLY spreading through the water to make it blue.
5. The solute lowers the freezing point of water because it is applied to a colligative property, which means that it depends on the number of dissolved particles in a substance, not the actual identity of the solutes (an example is the freezing point of salt water is lower than the freezing point of water because the salt dissolves into the water.) It will raise the boiling point for the same reason.
Cites:
http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/sci/A0861175.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solutions
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colloids
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/suspensions
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_happens_to_the_solute_particles_when_a_solution_forms
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/You_mix_food_coloring_in_water_to_make_it_blue_haveyou_made_a_solution_or_a_suspension
http://www.chemistryexplained.com/Ce-Co/Colligative-Properties.html
Tuesday, November 23, 2010
Wednesday, November 17, 2010
Test 9 ~ Objective 5
Objective 5:
1. Heat engines use thermal energy by expanding the gas. It causes the pistol to move down, so it lights the spark plug. They also turn it into mechanical energy.
2. Internal combustion engines are when the burning (combustion) of the fuel happens when the air gets into a combustion chamber. They use radiation for thermal energy. External combustion engines use the external heat to "energize" an internal fluid. These two are alike because they both use heat to run.
3. I think that modern cars use the internal combustion engines because these engines use a very common resource (air) to run, so it costs less money.
4. Unlike what we think, the refrigerator takes out all of the hot air, rather than putting cold air inside. This causes it to be cold.
5. A compressor in a refrigerator is the motor to the cooling system. This usually only runs when the thermostat of the refrigerator tells it to. If there was no compressor, all of the food would get hot because it wouldn't run when the thermostat told it to.
Cites:
http://www.ehow.com/how-does_4926292_car-engine-piston-work.html http://wiki.answers.com/Q/In_a_heat_engine_what_happens_to_thermal_energy_that_is_converted_from_chemical_energy
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_engine
http://www.alternatefuelsworld.com/heat-engines-part-3.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine
http://www.repairclinic.com/Refrigerator-How-Things-Work?red=#acompressor
1. Heat engines use thermal energy by expanding the gas. It causes the pistol to move down, so it lights the spark plug. They also turn it into mechanical energy.
2. Internal combustion engines are when the burning (combustion) of the fuel happens when the air gets into a combustion chamber. They use radiation for thermal energy. External combustion engines use the external heat to "energize" an internal fluid. These two are alike because they both use heat to run.
3. I think that modern cars use the internal combustion engines because these engines use a very common resource (air) to run, so it costs less money.
4. Unlike what we think, the refrigerator takes out all of the hot air, rather than putting cold air inside. This causes it to be cold.
5. A compressor in a refrigerator is the motor to the cooling system. This usually only runs when the thermostat of the refrigerator tells it to. If there was no compressor, all of the food would get hot because it wouldn't run when the thermostat told it to.
Cites:
http://www.ehow.com/how-does_4926292_car-engine-piston-work.html http://wiki.answers.com/Q/In_a_heat_engine_what_happens_to_thermal_energy_that_is_converted_from_chemical_energy
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_engine
http://www.alternatefuelsworld.com/heat-engines-part-3.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine
http://www.repairclinic.com/Refrigerator-How-Things-Work?red=#acompressor
Test 9 ~ Objective 4
Objective 4:
1. Temperature causes matter to change state (if it warms up, it gets closer to a gas, and if it gets cooler, it gets closer to a solid.)
2. As thermal energy increases, the matter begins to eat up. If it is a solid, it becomes a liquid. If it is a liquid, then it becomes a gas.
3. The temperature of matter stays the same because all of the temperature's energy is being put into the matter because it is changing its' state.
4. A solid melts because of the thermal energy acting on it. It causes the molecules to heat up and to start bouncing around. It basically expands and then melts away.
5. You have to poke holes in potatoes because they have so much water inside of them. When it gets really hot, it turns into steam. If the steam doesn't have a way out, it might explode.... so you poke holes in it to prevent it from exploding.
Cites:
Monday, November 15, 2010
Test 9 ~ Objective 3
Objective 3:
1. The three types of heat transfer are conduction, convection, and radiation.
2. Heat moves from places where there is a lot of heat to places where there isn't a lot of heat (from high concentration to low concentration.)
3. Conductors make it easier for energy to pass through them, and insulators (most solid matters) make it harder for energy to go through them.
4. A copper pipe would work better as a conductor because it has a lot of free electrons that can make the energy flow quicker and more efficient. Their electrons are in a cloud, so they aren't tightly packed.
5. If I were in the forest, I would build a fire instead of putting up a tent. If I made a tent, that would be conduction (atoms are in close proximity). This would help me because I would be insulated, which can be, in some ways, the best form of heat. If I built a fire (which I would), then that would be radiation (comes from the sun and travels in waves). The fire would give off warm air, which would help to keep me warm.
Cites:
http://www.tapinsulation.com/heat.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_transfer
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/electric/conins.html
http://www.highsierraadventures.com/skills/survival.htm
1. The three types of heat transfer are conduction, convection, and radiation.
2. Heat moves from places where there is a lot of heat to places where there isn't a lot of heat (from high concentration to low concentration.)
3. Conductors make it easier for energy to pass through them, and insulators (most solid matters) make it harder for energy to go through them.
4. A copper pipe would work better as a conductor because it has a lot of free electrons that can make the energy flow quicker and more efficient. Their electrons are in a cloud, so they aren't tightly packed.
5. If I were in the forest, I would build a fire instead of putting up a tent. If I made a tent, that would be conduction (atoms are in close proximity). This would help me because I would be insulated, which can be, in some ways, the best form of heat. If I built a fire (which I would), then that would be radiation (comes from the sun and travels in waves). The fire would give off warm air, which would help to keep me warm.
Cites:
http://www.tapinsulation.com/heat.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_transfer
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/electric/conins.html
http://www.highsierraadventures.com/skills/survival.htm
Sunday, November 14, 2010
Test 9 ~ Objective 2
Objective 2:
1. Thermometers measure temperature by telling how fast the particles inside of the object are moving. Thermometers use mercury, which expands when it gets hot and gets smaller when it cools down.
2. Kelvin and Celsius scales are the same because, although they have different zero points, they still have the same intervals, or degrees. They are different because they are on different scales (288 degrees Kelvin = 15 degrees Celsius = 59 degrees Fahrenheit.) Also, Kelvin isn't really a "degree" of temperature, like Fahrenheit and Celsius.
3. 5 degrees Celsius = 41 degrees Fahrenheit
4. 860 degrees Fahrenheit = 460 degrees Celsius
5. The temperature needs to be raised by 209,000 K.
Cites:
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/How_do_thermometers_measure_temperature
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperature_measurement#Comparison_of_temperature_scales
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/How_are_the_three_temperature_scales_alike
http://geography.about.com/c/ht/00/07/How_Convert_Celsius_Fahrenheit0962932697.htm
http://www.ansleydevore.blogspot.com/ (hahah... since you used mine, I can use yours... that last problem.... whewww!!!!)
1. Thermometers measure temperature by telling how fast the particles inside of the object are moving. Thermometers use mercury, which expands when it gets hot and gets smaller when it cools down.
2. Kelvin and Celsius scales are the same because, although they have different zero points, they still have the same intervals, or degrees. They are different because they are on different scales (288 degrees Kelvin = 15 degrees Celsius = 59 degrees Fahrenheit.) Also, Kelvin isn't really a "degree" of temperature, like Fahrenheit and Celsius.
3. 5 degrees Celsius = 41 degrees Fahrenheit
4. 860 degrees Fahrenheit = 460 degrees Celsius
5. The temperature needs to be raised by 209,000 K.
Cites:
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/How_do_thermometers_measure_temperature
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperature_measurement#Comparison_of_temperature_scales
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/How_are_the_three_temperature_scales_alike
http://geography.about.com/c/ht/00/07/How_Convert_Celsius_Fahrenheit0962932697.htm
http://www.ansleydevore.blogspot.com/ (hahah... since you used mine, I can use yours... that last problem.... whewww!!!!)
Test 9 ~ Objective 1
Objective 1:
1. The three common temperature scales are Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Kelvin.
2. Thermal energy is ALL of the energy of the particles that make up an object. Temperature is the measure of how fast or slow particles are moving inside of an object. Heat is the transfer of thermal energy from different objects. Thermal energy is related to heat because heat measures the transfer of thermal energy. Thermal energy relates to temperature because temperature measures how much thermal energy a particle has.
3. Specific heat is the amount of heat that is needed to raise the temperature of an object. An example of something that has a high specific heat is water, because, since it has such strong hydrogen bonds, it needs more energy (heat) to spread the hydrogens out.
4. An ice cube melts in your hand because it is very cold and its particles aren't moving very fast and, when it is put in a human's hand (has heat because of our body heat), it causes the ice cube to get warmer, and it reacts to heating up by melting.
5. One reason some objects get hotter more quickly than others is their "specific heat capacity," or how much heat is needed to raise the temperature of an object (if it has a high specific heat capacity, then it needs more energy to raise its temperature.) Another reason is how much moisture is in an object. For example, you can put some plastic dishes in the microwave because they are made with less water and moisture, so they have a higher specific heat (so they can stay in the microwave longer without getting too hot.)
Cites:
http://abyss.uoregon.edu/~js/glossary/temperature_scale.html
http://www.bristolaggie.mec.edu/school/Velozo/Chapter6.htm
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Why_does_water_have_a_high_and_specific_heat_capacity
http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20100125182103AAM1DPs
1. The three common temperature scales are Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Kelvin.
2. Thermal energy is ALL of the energy of the particles that make up an object. Temperature is the measure of how fast or slow particles are moving inside of an object. Heat is the transfer of thermal energy from different objects. Thermal energy is related to heat because heat measures the transfer of thermal energy. Thermal energy relates to temperature because temperature measures how much thermal energy a particle has.
3. Specific heat is the amount of heat that is needed to raise the temperature of an object. An example of something that has a high specific heat is water, because, since it has such strong hydrogen bonds, it needs more energy (heat) to spread the hydrogens out.
4. An ice cube melts in your hand because it is very cold and its particles aren't moving very fast and, when it is put in a human's hand (has heat because of our body heat), it causes the ice cube to get warmer, and it reacts to heating up by melting.
5. One reason some objects get hotter more quickly than others is their "specific heat capacity," or how much heat is needed to raise the temperature of an object (if it has a high specific heat capacity, then it needs more energy to raise its temperature.) Another reason is how much moisture is in an object. For example, you can put some plastic dishes in the microwave because they are made with less water and moisture, so they have a higher specific heat (so they can stay in the microwave longer without getting too hot.)
Cites:
http://abyss.uoregon.edu/~js/glossary/temperature_scale.html
http://www.bristolaggie.mec.edu/school/Velozo/Chapter6.htm
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Why_does_water_have_a_high_and_specific_heat_capacity
http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20100125182103AAM1DPs
Wednesday, November 10, 2010
Test 8 ~ Objective 6
Objective 6:
1. Charles' Law is a gas law that explains how and why gases get bigger, or "expand" when they are heated.
2. As the temperature of gas increases, the gas molecules move more quickly (because they get more energy in the form of heat.)
3. The first person to fly in a hydrogen balloon was Jacque Charles. The Robert brothers built it for him (Charles invented it), and Charles flew in it.
4. After Charles' first flight in the balloon (it got about fifteen miles outside of Paris, where it took off), it got ripped up by local townspeople because they were scared of it.
5. In the formula below, k is constant (same for all gases and constant pressures). This means that the pressure has to stay the same, and temperature and volume can change
Cites:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles's_law
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_brothers
1. Charles' Law is a gas law that explains how and why gases get bigger, or "expand" when they are heated.
2. As the temperature of gas increases, the gas molecules move more quickly (because they get more energy in the form of heat.)
3. The first person to fly in a hydrogen balloon was Jacque Charles. The Robert brothers built it for him (Charles invented it), and Charles flew in it.
4. After Charles' first flight in the balloon (it got about fifteen miles outside of Paris, where it took off), it got ripped up by local townspeople because they were scared of it.
5. In the formula below, k is constant (same for all gases and constant pressures). This means that the pressure has to stay the same, and temperature and volume can change
Cites:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles's_law
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_brothers
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